Description

Osage orange (Maclura pomifera)

Common Names: Osage-orange, Hedge apple, Horse apple, Bois d’arc

Botanical Name: Maclura pomifera

Plant Type: Deciduous tree

USDA Hardiness Zones: 4–9

Mature Height: 30–50 ft

Mature Spread: 20–40 ft

Growth Rate: Moderate to fast

Product Description

Osage-orange is a rugged, long-lived North American hardwood tree known for its extreme durability, adaptability, and striking green, brain-like fruit. Native to the south-central United States, this tree has been widely planted across the country for windbreaks, wildlife habitat, and natural fencing.

The tree develops a dense, rounded canopy with glossy, dark green leaves that turn a soft yellow in fall. Its deeply furrowed, orange-brown bark adds winter interest and character to rural and natural landscapes.

Female trees produce large, spherical fruits (4–6 inches across) with a distinctive textured surface. Though not typically eaten by humans, the fruit provides wildlife value and seasonal ornamental appeal.

Key Features

Extremely Durable Wood – One of the hardest and most rot-resistant woods in North America; historically used for fence posts and archery bows.

Drought Tolerant – Thrives in poor, dry, or clay-heavy soils once established.

Windbreak Champion – Dense branching structure makes it excellent for shelterbelts and privacy barriers.

Wildlife Friendly – Provides cover and nesting habitat for birds and small mammals.

Adaptable – Tolerates heat, wind, pollution, and urban conditions.

Growing Conditions

Sunlight: Full sun (6+ hours daily)

Soil: Adaptable to sandy, loamy, or clay soils; prefers well-drained sites

Water Needs: Low to moderate once established

Maintenance: Minimal; prune for shape or to control size

Landscape Uses

Farm windbreaks

Natural privacy screens

Large property boundaries

Wildlife habitat plantings

Rustic or native restoration landscapes

Male trees do not produce fruit (ideal for ornamental planting without fruit cleanup).